Industrial safety systems
Process control and safety systems are usually merged under one system, called Integrated Control and Safety System (ICSS). Industrial safety systems typically use dedicated systems that are SIL 2 certified at minimum; whereas control systems can start with SIL 1. SIL applies to both hardware and software requirements such as cards, processors redundancy and voting functions.
There are three main types of industrial safety systems in process industry
These systems may also be redefined in terms of ESD/EDP levels as:
The safety shutdown system shall shutdown the facilities to a safe state in case of an emergency situation, thus protecting personnel, the environment and the asset. Safety Shutdown System shall manage all inputs and outputs relative to Emergency Shut Down (ESD) functions (environment & personnel protection). This system might also be fed by signals from the main fire and gas system.
The main objectives of the fire and gas system are to protect personnel, environment, and plant (including equipment and structures). The FGS shall achieve these objectives by:
Emergency Shutdown-(ESD) systems are aimed at isolating (closing) any hazardous valves in a process due to abnormal conditions.
Due to closing ESD valves in a process, there may be some trapped flammablefluids, and these must be released in order to avoid any undesired consequences (such as pressure increase in vessels and piping). For this, emergency depressurization (EDP) systems are used in conjunction with the ESD systems to release (to a safe location and in a safe manner) such trapped fluids.
Pressure safety valves or PSVs are mechanical devices and are usually used as a final safety solution when all previous systems fail to prevent any further pressure accumulation and protect vessels from rupture due to overpressure.
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